1850-1880 Population Census Overview

Census Number	Name	First	Age	Sex	Race	Occupation	Real Estate Value	Pers. Prop. Value	Origin
174	Miller	Joseph	31	M	W	Farmer		250	PA
		Rebecca	25	F	W	Keeping house			PA
		Mary	8	F	W	Blank			IL
		James	6	M	W	Blank			IL
		Ella	4	F	W	Blank			IL
		David	2	M	W	Blank			IL
175	Walls	Eliz.	50	F	W	Keeping house	1,600		IN
		John	24	M	W	Farmer		1,000	IN
		Olive	16	F	W	Blank			IL
176	Cartwright	John	35	M	W	Farm hand		100	IL
		Amanda	26	F	W	Keeping house			IN
		John	8	M	W	Blank			IL
		Eliz.	2	F	W	Blank			IL
177	Burkhead	Abe	64	M	W	Farmer	800	150	KY
		Ann	67	F	W	Keeping house			KY
178	Burdick	Abe	35	M	W	Farmer	2,400	800	IL
		Mariah	30	F	W	Keeping house			NY
		Louise	10	F	W	Blank			IL
		Scott	6	M	W	Blank			IL
		Elmer	4	M	W	Blank			IL
		George	1	M	W	Blank			IL
179	Butler	George	22	M	W	Farmer		100	VA
		Carrie	19	F	W	Keeping house			MO
180	Marion	Wm	25	M	W	Farmer		100	NY
		Cassie	20	F	W	Keeping house			IL
181	Walker	John	69	M	M	Farmer			VA
		Lucy	67	F	M	Keeping house			VA
		Oregon	30	M	M	Farm hand			VA
		Charles	10	M	M	Blank			MO
		Willie	8	M	M	Blank			MO
	Rucker	Henry	18	M	B	Farm hand			KY
175	Cartwright	Dan	12	M	W	Blank			IL
		Jane	10	F	W	Blank			IL
	Jordan	James	21	M	B	Farm hand			MO
182	Hadsell	Potter	44	M	W	Farmer	1,000	500	NY
		Mary	32	F	W	Keeping house			NY
		Eugene	19	M	W	Work on farm			NY
		Mary	17	F	W	At home			NY
		Pela	11	F	W	Blank			NY
		Helen	8	F	W	Blank			IL
		Emma	6	F	W	Blank			IL
		Lavina	3	F	W	Blank			IL
183	Cobb	A.B.	38	M	W	Physician	300	250	NY
		Laura	35	F	W	Keeping house			IL
		Wilber	15	M	W	At home			IL
		Laura	13	F	W	Blank			IL
		Albert	9	M	W	Blank			IL
		Francis	6	F	W	Blank			IL
184	Crone	Alex	65	M	W	Farmer	800	200	Ireland
		Sarah	60	F	W	Keeping house			Ireland
		Rebecca	35	F	W	At home			Ireland
		Eliza	25	F	W	School teacher			IL
		Kate	22	F	W	At home			IL
185	Clark	Wm	40	M	M	Blacksmith	800	200	VA
		Hilda	35	F	M	Keeping house			KY
		Lucy	12	F	M	Blank			IL
		Edward	14	M	M	Works in shop			IL
		Eliza	9	F	M	Blank			IL
		Harvey	6	M	M	Blank			IL
		Margaret	3	F	M	Blank			IL
		Friday	1	M	M	Blank			IL
186	Gray	Benj.	29	M	W	Blacksmith	800	300	IL
		Lizzie	22	F	W	Keeping house			PA
		Sophie	2	F	W	Blank			IL
187	Baker	Sylvester	43	M	W	Laborer		100	OH
		Mary	43	F	W	Keeping house			OH
		Josephine	18	F	W	At home			IL
		Jane	4	F	W	Blank			IL
		Anna	2	F	W	Blank			IL
188	McWorter	Louisa	45	F	M	Keeping house	6,500	350	KY
		Lucy	24	F	M	At home			IL
		George	21	M	M	Farmer			IL
	Clark	Thoms	30	M	W	Farmer		200	MO
		Kezia	70	F	M	Blank	3,500		KY
	Jones	Willie	6	M	M	Blank			IL
189	Clark	Monroe	35	M	M	Carpenter	200	100	IL
		Lucy	30	F	M	Keeping house			IL
		Lonora	12	F	M	At home			IL
		John	12	M	M	Blank			IL
		Cynthia	10	F	M	Blank			IL
		Calvin	8	M	M	Blank			IL
		Charles	4	M	M	Blank			IL
		Lizzie	1	F	M	Blank			IL
190	Stewart	George	22	M	M	Minister	250	150	TN
		Louisa	21	F	M	Blank			IL
		Elena	3 mos	F	M	Blank			IL
191	Kellum	Zira	37	M	W	Farmer	500	300	OH
		Milinda	33	F	W	Keeping house			NY
		William	12	M	W	Blank			IL
		Emory	10	M	W	Blank			IL
		Deloss	7	M	W	Blank			IL
		Anna	2	F	W	Blank			IL
192	Smith	James	32	M	W	Farmer	2,000	300	VA
		Elizabeth	32	F	W	Keeping house			IN
		Henry	16	M	W	Working on farm			IL
		Deborah	12	F	W	Blank			IL
		George	2	M	W	Blank			IL
		Margaret	4 mos	F	W	Blank			IL
		Jesse	10	M	W	Blank			VA
193	Boyan	Nancy	31	F	W	Keeping house		100	VA
		Monroe	21	M	W	Blank			OH
		Frank	11	M	W	Blank			OH
		Anthony	6	M	W	Blank			VA
194	Law	Sarah	26	F	W	Blank			IL
		Charles	3	M	W	Blank			IL
		William	3	M	W	Blank			IL
195	Brown	Sam?	30	M	W	Coal miner		100	England
		Mary	32	F	W	Keeping house			England
		John	12	M	W	Blank			England
		Horatio	4	M	W	Blank			MO
		Frank	1	M	W	Blank			IL
	Clarke	Mary	6	F	W	Blank			IL
196	Kellum	John	40	M	W	Speculator			OH
		Rebecca	35	F	W	Keeping house			IL
197	Woodward	Milt	31	M	W	Farmer	3,500	900	PA
		Mary	22	F	W	Keeping house			IL
		David	4	M	W	Blank			IL
		Enrietta	1	F	W	Blank			IL
		Emos	62	M	W	Farm retired			PA
		Angeline	37	F	W	Seamstress			PA
		Sarah	35	F	W	School teacher			PA
		Ermaline	23	F	W	School teacher			IL
		Orlando	17	M	W	Works on farm			IL

Analysis of New Philadelphia Federal Census for 1870

Routing the Hannibal-Naples railroad away from New Philadelphia in 1869 crippled the town (Matteson 1964:9). The effects were reflected in the federal census of 1870 as residents moved away for jobs and economic opportunities near market centers. In 1870, 123 individuals called New Philadelphia home, representing a 23% decline from its population peak of 160 residents just five years earlier. The number of households declined from 29 to 25, a 14% reduction. The Burdick, Clark and Hadsell families continued to hold a presence in the community (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1870).

While New Philadelphia's population was declining, the state of Illinois experienced continued population growth, but not as dramatic as the increase from 1850 to 1860. The federal census reported 2,539,891 people residing in the state, an increase of 48.4% over 1860. The majority of the population, 1,704,291, or 98.9%, were white; but 28,762 black residents represented 1.1% of the state's population, an increase of 0.7% from the last census. Those figures reflect an increase of 21,134, or 277%, from the 1860 census that recorded 7,628 black residents (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1870). Although restricted by the state's stringent Black Codes, people finally freed from slavery and eager for economic opportunities and self-determination made their way to Illinois.

Farming occupied 21 of New Philadelphia's residents, representing 62% of the 34 individuals, or 27% of the population who were gainfully employed outside the home, Three school teachers, 2% of the total population or 9% of those gainfully employed, lived in the town. Other occupations included two blacksmiths, 1% of the population, or 6% of those employed; a carpenter, a coal miner, a minister, a physician, a seamstress, a shop worker, a speculator and a laborer, each representing 1% of the total population, or 3% of those employed outside the home, rounded out the occupations of New Philadelphia's residents. Eighty-nine residents, or 72% of the population, were not employed outside the home (U. S. Bureau of the Census 1870).

Twenty-three individuals, 19% of the town's population, were occupied keeping house. The occupation field was left blank for 58 residents, or 46% of the town's residents. Fifty-four of those individuals, or 95%, were children 15 years of age and under. Of the 7 individuals classified as "at home" in the occupations column of the census report, 4, or 57% were teenagers over 14 years of age; two individuals, or 28% were under 30 years old and one individual, or 14% of the total, was 35 years old (U. S. Bureau of the Census 1870). Census enumerators were instructed to indicate "at home" for children "too young to be involved in production."

As reported by the census conducted in previous years, 79, or 64% of New Philadelphia's residents were born in the Great Lakes region. Sixty-nine people, or 56% of the population, originated from the state of Illinois. Sixteen people, 13% of the town's residents, came from the country's North East region; 9 individuals, or 7% of the population were born in New York, a North East region state. Another 9 individuals, or 7% of the townsfolk, were born in the South East state of Virginia. Three individuals each from England and Ireland represented 5% of the population (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1870; 1990 Omni-Gazetteer of the U.S.).

The town's population showed a decline in 1870, but the 92 white individuals, or 75%, still held the majority. The 2 black and 29 mulatto individuals represented the minority, or 25% of the total number of townsfolk (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1870).